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Covering an expanse of more than three thousand years,Hellenic Temples and Christian Churches charts, in one concise volume, the history of Greece's religious cultures from antiquity all the way through to present, post-independence Greece.
Focusing on the encounter and interaction between Hellenism and (Orthodox) Christianity, which is the most salient feature of Greece's religious landscape-influencing not only Greek religious history, but Greek...
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The seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson (1902-1994) was perhaps the twentieth century's most well-known Jewish religious leader, best identified for spearheading the world-wide reconstruction of post-Holocaust Jewish religious life and inspiring a re-awakening of Jewish awareness and observance. Overseeing a primarily educational organization in over fifty countries, he addressed a vast range of educational matters in his correspondence,...
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This a collection of the councils of the Frankish & Visigothic realms that have surviving documents relating to their canons. This includes: 5th Council of Orleans (549 AD), Council of Auch (551 AD), 5th Council of Arles (554 AD), 3rd Council of Paris (557 AD), 1st Council of Braga (561 AD), 2nd Council of Lyon (567 AD), Council of Tours (567 AD), 3rd Council of Braga (572 AD), 1st Council of Mâcon (583 AD), 3rd Council of Lyon (583 AD), 2nd Council...
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Vox in Excelso' is the name of a bull issued by Pope Clement V on March 22, 1312. The directives given within the papal bull were to formally dissolve the Order of the Knights Templar, effectively removing papal support for them and revoking their papal charter and mandates given to them by previous popes. All properties that they have are forfeited to various agencies as dispensed by the church.
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This work, by the 5th century Syriac father St. Jacob of Serug, expands on the tradition that St. Thomas the Apostle built a palace in India for king Gondophares. This tradition is found elsewhere, in texts like the Acts of Thomas, as well as in the Ramban Pattu, which all account part of this legend. This texts by St. Jacob appears to be independent of the two aforementioned traditions, as it disagrees with some of the details of their account. This...
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Following the fall of Constantinople, Pope Pius II called upon the various Christian powers to launch a military response against the Ottoman Turks. Refugees from the empire had fled into Italy and requested that the Pope place political pressure to launch a potential crusade to retake the city, and push the Ottomans out of the Balkans.
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The Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair I, composed two letters to Pope Nicolaus I, and his successor, Pope Adrian II, regarding the nature of his rule over the Frankish realm, and the relationship that his administration would have with the Papal Curia. There is some debate regarding the nature of episcopal appointments in these letters, an issue which would be a continual point of conflict until the last days of the empire.
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This is a short collection of the ecclesiastical works of the emperor Charles II the Bald during his Carolingian reform of the Frankish church. This includes documents relating to the coronation of the Emperor Judith, a charter for royal national synod, and chapters of French church law.
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Boethius of Dacia, or more accurately Boethius of Dania, was a 13th century Danish philosopher who was inspired by the growing Aristotelian revolution taking place in European universities. For Boethius, philosophy was the primary task of all mankind. The search for truth and wisdom was paramount to the Christian and part of the spiritual journey that they must engage in. In this work Boethius describes rational contemplation on eternal truths, and...
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This work is the brief charter, composed in Latin at the court of the Emperor Sigismund, formed the chivalry society of the Order of the Dragon. Its membership was relegated to members of the German nobility and sovereign monarchs, all of whom took oaths of loyalty and mutual support to drive the Ottoman Turks out of Europe. These knights who made this pledge maintained to organize a crusade to supply military support to the declining Eastern Roman...
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This is a collection of seventeen years from the German king, Louis II, relating to his dealings with the Slavic tribes who occupy his eastern frontier. Most of these letters are works of confirmation, offering church lands and endowments to various missions in Great Moravia. These mission churches appear to have been approved of by the Moravian royal authority, who in time, would accept the Christian faith and incorporate these parishes into the...
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St. Onuphrius was one of the Egyptian Desert Fathers who is helped lay the foundation of Eastern spirituality and monasticism in the 4th and 5th centuries, around the time that Christianity was emerging as the dominant faith of the Roman Empire. The name Onuphrius is thought to be a Hellenized form of a Coptic name Unnufer, from the Demotic Egyptian, meaning "perfect one", an epithet of the pagan god Osiris. There are two surviving accounts given...
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This text, which appears to be composed in the 5th or 6th century, in an anonymous recollection of the life of the Syriac father, St. Alexis of Rome. According to this tradition of the saint's life, St. Alexius was a man from Edessa whose veneration was later transplanted to Rome. It recounts that, during the episcopate of Bishop Rabbula, the bishop of Edessa, St. Alexis lived as a beggar and shared the alms he received with other poor of the city....
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Upon the ascension of Edgar to the Anglo-Saxon throne, he immediately sought to reform the English church with the assistance of St. Dunstan, the former bishop of London. He held this council to alter several policies regarding the governance of the English church,and to push the growing centralization of ecclesiastical power into the See of Canterbury. Edgar's reforms would have a long lasting impact on the Church of England, and to some degree,...
15) Seven Rules
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Seven rules is an unusually theological work coming out of the Donatist church in North Africa. This is not a list of monastic rules, which would have been common for the period. Nor is it a list of moral precepts that should be obeyed by the faith. Instead this is a mystical treatise dealing with the nature of Christ's body, the presence of the devil in the world, and the utility of the scriptures. Among Ticonius' seven primary theses, he voices...
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This work, which survives only in a fragmentary form, belongs to the Syriac church father, St. Theodore of Mopsuestia, 5th century bishop of Antioch, dealing with the questions of Christian morality and the biblical genesis of mankind. It only survives in this Latin translation by Marius Mercator, the North African churchman and disciple of St. Augustine.
17) Church Laws
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After his defeat in 878, under the terms of his surrender to King Alfred the Great, Guthrum agreed to be baptized as a Christian and to convert his nation. He and Alfred draft these laws relating to the regulation of governance of the church in his dominion,all of which would later become incorporated into the later united Church of England during the medieval period. Guthrum would continue to rule over East Anglia under his baptismal name of 'thelstan...
18) Three Works
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Three Works is a collection of the shorted works of the Irish monk, Sedulius. It consists of: 'Exhibitions on Genealogy', 'Explanatiuncula on the difference between the breviaries, chapters and the canons', and 'Explanations on Mark's Episcopacy'. These consist of the brief works composed by Sedulius, while he was a teacher at the Irish colony in Liege. His works deal directly with the interpretation of exegesis of the Christian scriptures at a time...
19) Church Laws
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Alfred the Great, during his tenure over the kingdom of Wessex, sough to reform and strengthen the English church through parochial and scholarly reform. Unlike most kings of the dark ages, Alfred the Great, lead this scholarly reform himself, writing and translating great works of the church himself. This work is the short collection of reforms that were put forward to offer some self of revival to the English church following its decimation by the...
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This work, a letter from St. Aelfric to Wilfinus, bishop of Sherborne, is perhaps amongst the earliest works of Anglo-Saxon literature. He is writings to his episcopal peer relating some questions of church government which have been long standing in the English church. The canons themselves, thirty-five in total, relate the moral behavior of the clergymen, and what behavior should be officially sanctioned by the English Church, and what requires...