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Globally, women are disproportionately impacted by climate change and disasters due to gender inequalities and limited participation in decision-making processes. Addressing this imbalance will involve integrating gender equality in laws and policies on climate change and disaster risk management and ensuring gender equality outcomes in building social and economic resilience. This report presents findings of a gender analysis of national legal and...
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The Government of Canada and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) established the Integrated Disaster Risk Management (IDRM) Fund in February 2013. The Fund was created to advance proactive integrated disaster risk management measures on a regional basis within ADB's developing member countries in Southeast Asia, specifically, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. During its operation,...
3) Gender-Inclusive Legislative Framework and Laws to Strengthen Women's Resilience to Climate Chang
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Globally, women are disproportionately impacted by climate change and disasters due to gender inequalities and limited opportunities to participate in decision-making processes. To help address this imbalance, this publication provides guidance on how to integrate gender equality in laws and policies on climate change and disaster management in developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank. It provides a conceptual framework and good practice...
4) Framework for Integrating Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in the Asian Development Bank's South
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This gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) framework the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) operations in South Asia serves as a guide for effectively fulfilling GESI-related mandates as outlined in ADB's Strategy 2030. Developed through an extensive 2-year consultative process from 2020 to 2022, the GESI framework highlights the various dimensions of exclusion and vulnerability, including their intersections with gender inequality and each another....
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Climate and disaster risk is increasing in the Asia and Pacific region, exacerbating existing vulnerabilities and creating new ones. The adverse effects are felt most by the poor and the vulnerable. Social protection programs, when designed with climate and disaster risk considerations in mind, provide enhanced opportunities to strengthen climate and disaster resilience. This guidance note underscores the importance of strengthening climate change...
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National legal and policy frameworks underpin international climate action because they are the backbone of domestic responses to the climate emergency. Unless they support global objectives, local climate action stalls. Concerned by sluggish national responses to climate change or injured by its impacts, citizens are filing lawsuits, making courts central to national climate governance. To adjudicate these lawsuits, courts require current information...
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Climate change is the defining challenge of our time. Without urgent climate action, humanity faces a world that cannot sustain civilization as we know it. People around the globe are demanding action, some with climate litigation. This four-part report series recognizes the inevitability of increased litigation in the era of climate change and judges need a tool kit to respond. Report One explains how judges from Asia and the Pacific contribute to...
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The poor and vulnerable populations suffer disproportionately from the adverse impacts of climate change and disasters, which result in loss of life, damage to household and community assets, disruption of livelihoods, and loss of income. Solutions that recognize localized risks and address them in the context of wider socioeconomic development are needed. This guidance note underscores the importance of scaling up resilience-building measures through...
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In 2020, the Paris Agreement is the pinnacle of international law on climate change. It orchestrates global climate action over the coming decades. Countries agreed to limit global warming to well below 2°C above preindustrial times, closer to 1.5°C. Humankind will only achieve this temperature goal if we domesticate our international climate commitments. Judges have proven to be instrumental in holding their governments accountable for their climate...
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Climate change in Asia and the Pacific is deadly and impacts communities now. Regional climate litigation seeks relief in increasingly urgent ways and judges need a tool kit to respond. Report Two of this four-part series is a comprehensive review of the growing number and variety of climate lawsuits in Asia and the Pacific. It underscores the unique flavor and voice of regional jurisprudence and compares it with global approaches. No one can solve...
11) Carbon Offsetting in International Aviation in Asia and the Pacific: Challenges and Opportunities
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The Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) has an important role to play in the aviation industry's efforts to meet its emission reduction targets. The scheme could also benefit developing countries in Asia and the Pacific as a source of these carbon offsets. This report provides climate policy makers and carbon offset suppliers in the region with detailed information about the CORSIA scheme, including the aviation...
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Migration for work is an important livelihood option for many households in Tajikistan due to limited job opportunities. Remittances from migrant workers significantly supplement the country's foreign currency reserves, but the economic crisis and worldwide shutdown induced by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have caused international migration flows to fall, and remittances are projected to decline significantly. This publication reviews the state...
13) Manual for Climate Change Adaptation Measures for Transport Infrastructure in Central Asia With A
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This manual provides an overview of climate-driven stressors relevant to transport infrastructure in Central Asia and explores adaptation strategies. Over the next decades, the effects of climate change will likely exert considerable pressure on the transport infrastructure of Central Asia. In response, policymakers and the engineering community need to implement resilient yet sustainable designs and construction solutions. This resource provides...
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Cities in Asia and the Pacific are increasingly at risk of heat waves, which are expected to be more severe and persistent due to global warming. The urban poor are especially vulnerable to heat stress and associated health and productivity impacts as they often work outdoors and tend to live in overcrowded housing without adequate ventilation or cooling. This publication examines opportunities for countries to pursue pro-poor urban resilience initiatives...
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This book presents research into the production of safe, high-quality, and environmentally friendly agriculture products in the Greater Mekong Subregion. It also explores the actions and policy options that could be pursued. Three themes are examined: Improving Food Safety and Quality; Inclusive and Sustainable, Safe and Environment-Friendly Agriculture Products; and Value Chains for Safe and Environment-Friendly Agriculture Products. This aligns...
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Disaster events impact Asia and the Pacific more than any other region in the world. In light of current and future climate and disaster risks, there is an urgent need to address the region's underinvestment in disaster risk and reduction. This publication aims to guide policy makers and other stakeholders on how to scale up disaster risk reduction financing in developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank. It provides an overview of financing...
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This report proposes a research program to determine the suitability of Vetiver grass for slope protection and the potential of liquid soil catalysts for improving soil-bearing capacity in Cambodia. It presents the advantages of soil bioengineering for strengthening soil or slope structures and erosion control, which are important considerations in road and other infrastructure projects. The report proposes six trials to be conducted on National Road...
18) Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: Drawing Lessons from the Joint Crediting Mechanism (Version II)
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Carbon pricing is a key element of the broader climate policy architecture that can help countries reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cost-effectively, while mobilizing fiscal resources to foster green recovery and growth. This publication introduces carbon pricing instruments and provides insights on how they can be designed to stimulate and not constrain economic activity in the context of recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)...
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This study is conducted under the Asian Development Bank (ADB) project for Strengthening Gender-Inclusive Growth in Central and West Asia. It aims to establish a better understanding of women's roles in irrigated agriculture and water management in Tajikistan. The findings will inform the ADB grant-financed project to modernize irrigation and drainage systems in the Lower Vaksh River Basin. The study examined women's roles and gender gaps in land...
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Providing high-level climate risk assessments for cities in Armenia, Georgia, and Uzbekistan, this report is designed to mainstream mitigation and adaptation into urban planning to help ensure climate resilient growth. For each country, it harnesses climate data, models, and projections. It offers a range of scenarios, assesses potential risks to key infrastructure, and sets out ways to combat the impacts of events such as increasingly severe floods...